Keys to the increased use of host plant resistance in integrated. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Plants can sense being touched, 1 and they can use several strategies to defend against damage caused by herbivores. The invasive asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri hemiptera. In bt corn, bt cotton, and bt potatoes, genes that direct bt toxin production have been inserted into plants so that seeds or seed pieces carry the instructions for plants to produce bt toxins for insect resistance host plant resistance to insects. Host plant resistance for insect control in some important crop plants. Combining reflective mulch and host plant resistance for. The use of plant resistance for managing arthropod pests in rice illustrates many aspects of the use of hostplant resistance in pest management.
Pdf host plant resistance hpr to insects is an effective, economical, and environment friendly method of pest control. Breeding for host plant resistance nc state university. Introductory to host plant resistance linkedin slideshare. It shows how plants can defend themselves naturally and how insects have adapted to overcome these mechanisms through. Gurdev s khush this text presents a broad overview of host plant resistance to insect pests. Plant defense against herbivory or host plant resistance hpr describes a range of adaptations evolved by plants which improve their survival and reproduction by reducing the impact of herbivores. Examples of the effects of both nonpreference and antibiosis resistance on insect numbers are given.
Oct 17, 2017 upon failure of a previously successful tactic to which the insect population has apparently adapted, the latter is often considered to be a novel or distinct entity and termed as a biotype. Jun 08, 2016 plant pubescence insects with piercing and sucking mouth parts are deterred from feeding on hairy plants or vascular bundles. Download association of plant hairs and insect resistance or read online books in pdf, epub, tuebl, and mobi format. The broad coverage includes crop plant and insect diversity, mechanisms of insect plant interactions, host plant selection, components of resistance, the biochemical basis for resistance, mechanisms of resistance, factors affecting expression of resistance, screening techniques for resistance, the role of insect. The implication is that insects with a longterm association with a host plant species have the genetic plasticity to overcome defense strategies of the host plant. The most attractive feature of hpr is that farmers virtually do not need any skill in application techniques, and there is no cash investment by the resource poor farmers. However, the central link of host plant finding, thought. Department of entomology university ofcalifornia riverside. The compatible, complementary role plant resistance to insect pests plays with other direct control tactics is, in theory and practice, in concert with the objectives of ipm. Host plant resistance abstract a study was conducted to evaluate the use of re. Review the ecology and evolution of hostplant resistance to insects. It is considerable progress has been made in identification and utilization of crop germplasm for resistance to insect pests smith, 2005.
Plant breeders and biotechnologists should include insect resistance as a component of their crop improvement program. Requesting farmers to monitor insect damage to crops has limitations, particularly in developing countries and smallscale agri. Insect biotypes and host plant resistance springerlink. Host plant selection by insects is often divided into host plant finding. It also provides an overview of the fascinating field of insect plant relationships, which is fundamental to the study of host plant resistance to insects. Host plant resistance to insects in integrated pest. Varying levels of resistance to insects occur naturally in host plant cultivars stoner 1996. May 31, 2014 visual factors the colour and shape of plants remotely affect host selection behaviour of phytophagous insects and have been associated with some resistance. That is, resistance in plants that evolved with an insect could be susceptible to being overcome by genetic changes in the insect pest.
Association mapping of plant resistance to insects. Studies of the effect of the resistance factors on host plant yield, performance, or quality may help plant breeders overcome the problems often associated with the. Host plant resistance and chemical control of chilo partellus swinhoe and busseola fusca fuller in an integrated pest management system on grain sorghum. Crop resistance has some limitations but there are ways to overcome a number of them. Ppt host plant resistance powerpoint presentation free to. Plant resistance to insects is a natural phenomenon based on plant selfdefense mechanisms. Liviidae, is the primary vector of the phloeminfecting bacterium, candidatus liberibacter asiaticus. Specific colorrelated resistance, for example, the red and glossy nature of cruciferae plants was a major factor conferring antixenosis resistance against the cabbage aphid. Is the collective heritable characteristics by which a plant species, race, clone or individual may reduce the possibility of successful utilization of that plant as a host by an insect species, race, biotype or individual. Also, some resistance traits are costly while others appear not to be, and genetic models can explain these results.
The success of host plant resistance hpr strategy is constantly challenged by the occurrence of resistancebreaking insect biotypes. Ppt host plant resistance powerpoint presentation free. Host plant resistance is the inherited ability of a plant species to resist attack by pests or diseases, or to be able to tolerate damage caused by these biological agents. It shows how plants can defend themselves naturally and how insects have adapted to overcome these mechanisms through coevolution.
Association of plant hairs and insect resistance download. Host plant resistance to insects in searchworks catalog. While the focus is on the african maize stem borer, busseola fusca reference is also made to other economically important stem borer species. The builtin protection of resistant plants from insect pests functions at a very basic level, disrupting the normal association of the insect pest with its host plant. Click download or read online button to get molecular host plant resistance to pests book now. The ability to develop insectresistant cultivars, use of markerassisted selection, and development of transgenic plants with insect resistance depends on the precision of resistance screening techniques. Although some farmers use their own seeds from landrace varieties, others have rapidly adopted new, improved varieties. Pdf host plant resistance and insect pest management in. Breeding insect resistant crops for sustainable agriculture. This book presents a broad overview of host plant resistance to insect pests. A fundamental component of ipm radcliffes ipm world textbook host plant resistance hpr to insect pests is considered one of the key tactics for insect control, particularly in developing countries where utilization of other control methods such as pesticides is often difficult or unwise.
Here, we discuss the prospects of association mapping for insect resistance and htp requirements. The role of host plant resistance in insect pest mis. Insects free fulltext the power of electropenetrography. When the damage to the host plant is only marginal despite its. Evaluation of ars program on alternative methods of insect.
Host plant resistance definition types and mechanisms ecological and genetic resistance host plant resistance hpr definition those characters that enable a plant to avoid, tolerate or recover from attacks of insects under conditions that would cause greater injury to other plants of the same. The use of plant resistance for managing arthropod pests in rice illustrates many aspects of the use of host plant resistance in pest management. Host plant resistance to insects in integrated pest management in vegetable crops. Insecthostplant relationship coevolution or sequential. It also describes screening and breeding for insect resistance. Genetic variation in plant resistance influences insect community.
Genetic variation in plant resistance influences insect community structure by modifying interactions of herbivores with competitors and natural enemies. Host plant resistance hpr to insects is an effective, economical, and environment friendly method of pest control. Studies of the effect of such resistance components on insect development and behavior can help determine the likelihood of insects being able to overcome the resistance factors. Breeding of hairy cottons in africa and asia to combat the jassids empoasca spp. Molecular host plant resistance to pests download ebook. Even partial resistance to insects will bring significant benefits, particularly when it is combined with other ipm components. The most attractive feature of hpr is that farmers virtually do not need any. Host plant resistance to insect is a conventional approaches and phenomenon of interrelationship between host plants and affected by environmental factors. There is a huge variation in metabolites among the accessions, some correlated to resistance analysis of an f2 population showed a major qtl for. After nearly a century of research, the resources and tools have become more refined, but the basic tasks in breeding for resistance have not changed. Hostplant resistance hpr to insect pests is considered one of the key tactics for insect control, particularly in.
Host plant resistance for insect control in some important. Host plant resistance techniques to screen for resistance to insect pests. Rather than finding insects to attack the pests, breeders look for genetic traits or combinations of traits that reduce an organisms susceptibility to attack or injury by its insect pests. Click download or read online button to get association of plant hairs and insect resistance book now. Genetic techniques have yielded new insights into plantherbivore coevolution. Insects often inflict losses of 15 to 50% of the yield of some crops in var. In contrast, there has been much less use of this method for the management of insect pests in commercial vegetable production smith 1989. Coevolution is the generally accepted theory for the evolution of insecthostplant relationships, however, it can be shown that its main premisses are inadequate. Types and mechanisms of host plant resistance to insect attack. Sharma, h c and reddy, b v s and dhillon, m k and venkateswaran, k and singh, b u and pampapathy, g and folkertsma, r t and hash, c t and sharma, k k 2005 host plant resistance to insects in sorghum. This text presents a broad overview of host plant resistance to insect pests. Plant resistance to insects encompasses the application of principles of insect. The ecology and evolution of hostplant resistance to insects.
Host plant resistance to insects pdf mechanisms of insect resistance for some major cereal crops section i and then shown to be economically important. Hostplant resistance in pest management sciencedirect. Lecture 16 host plant resistance definition types and. Host plant resistance and insect pest management in chickpea. Induced resistance, or resistance triggered by prior herbivore attack, has a number of potential uses in crop protection that are only now beginning to be explored. Quantitative genetic tests of herbivory theory reveal that in some cases insect herbivores impose selection on resistance traits. Host plant resistance to insects laboratory soybean quality improvement laboratory the longterm goal of research conducted in the small grains insect resistance laboratory is to identify, characterize and utilize genetic mechanisms that confer durable insect resistance to crop plants. Breeding plants or animals for resistance to insects is really just another form of biological pest control. Host plant resistance against insect pests in pepper and tomato. Host plant resistance hpr to insects was reported in the 18th century, but concentrated efforts to search for and develop resistant crop varieties did not begin until the 1900s, and widespread recognition of the potential of hpr as a means of reducing populations of pest insects was even slower. It results from insectplant coevolution and is crucial for their coexistence. This poses formidable challenges because collecting insects at random may not necessarily allow early enough detection of resistance to allow remedial actions to be implemented.
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